Humus refers to the organic component of soil that forms as a result of the decomposition of plant and animal materials. It is a dark, rich, and crumbly substance that is crucial for soil fertility and plays a significant role in supporting plant growth.
Humus is formed through the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and earthworms. These organisms break down the complex organic compounds into simpler forms, releasing nutrients and creating a stable, carbon-rich material.
To maintain and enhance humus levels in soil, practices such as adding organic matter (e.g., compost, cover crops), practicing crop rotation, minimising soil disturbance, and avoiding excessive use of chemical fertilisers are recommended.
In summary, humus is a vital component of healthy soils, supporting plant growth, nutrient cycling, water retention, and carbon sequestration. Its presence is crucial for sustainable agriculture and the overall health of ecosystems.
The history of humus is deeply intertwined with the development of agriculture and the understanding of soil fertility.